Pollen Allergy Treatment in Singapore

Grass pollen is a common trigger in Singapore, particularly from species such as Bermuda grass and Buffalo grass, which are found in parks and open spaces. These pollens can be more problematic during dry, windy periods when they become airborne more easily. Grass pollen particles are small and can travel distances, potentially affecting individuals even when they’re not near grassy areas.

Singapore’s tree species, including Acacia, Rain trees, and various palm species, release pollen year-round. Tree pollens tend to be larger than grass pollens but can still trigger allergic reactions. The flowering cycles of different tree species mean exposure can vary depending on your location and the surrounding vegetation.

Weed pollens from plants like ragweed (found in some imported products) and local flowering weeds can trigger allergies. These pollens can be allergenic, meaning even small amounts may cause symptoms in sensitive individuals.

• Sneezing, especially in repeated bouts
• Clear, watery nasal discharge
• Itchy nose, throat, or roof of mouth
• Watery or slightly red eyes
• Mild nasal congestion
• Occasional throat clearing
• Slight fatigue during high pollen days

• Persistent nasal congestion affecting breathing
• Post-nasal drip causing frequent throat clearing
• Red, swollen, itchy eyes with excessive tearing
• Disrupted sleep due to nasal congestion
• Reduced sense of smell and taste
• Sinus pressure and facial pain
• Difficulty concentrating at work or school
• Dark circles under eyes (allergic shiners)

• Complete nasal blockage requiring mouth breathing
• Severe sinus headaches and facial pain
• Wheezing or shortness of breath
• Development of sinusitis or ear infections
• Severe eye swelling affecting vision
• Extreme fatigue affecting daily activities
• Asthma exacerbation in those with existing asthma

Symptoms typically begin within minutes of pollen exposure and can persist as long as you remain exposed. In Singapore’s climate, some people experience continuous symptoms rather than seasonal patterns, making proper diagnosis and treatment necessary for long-term management.

Antihistamines block histamine receptors, helping to manage allergic symptoms. Modern second-generation antihistamines like cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine may provide relief with reduced drowsiness. These medications can help with sneezing, itching, and a runny nose, but may be less effective for nasal congestion. They are typically taken daily during pollen exposure periods.

These sprays aim to reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and are considered an effective medication option for allergic rhinitis. Regular use may help relieve nasal symptoms, including congestion. Options include fluticasone, mometasone, and budesonide. Optimal benefit may occur after several days of consistent use, making them suitable for long-term management.

Oral or nasal decongestants may relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages. Nasal decongestant sprays are not advised for more than 3 days to avoid rebound congestion. Oral decongestants may be suitable for short-term use but require monitoring in patients with certain medical conditions.

Medications like montelukast block leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals involved in allergic reactions. These oral medications may be beneficial for patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. They can work as an add-on therapy when antihistamines and nasal sprays provide incomplete relief.

Allergen immunotherapy aims to gradually desensitise your immune system to specific pollens through controlled exposure. Sublingual immunotherapy tablets or drops placed under the tongue offer an alternative to traditional allergy shots. Treatment typically lasts 3 to 5 years and may provide long-lasting relief even after completion.

Saline nasal irrigation using a neti pot or squeeze bottle helps flush pollen and mucus from the nasal passages. This drug-free treatment can be performed daily and may provide symptom relief. Use distilled or boiled water for safety and maintain proper technique to prevent complications.

Many patients may benefit from combining treatments, such as using both antihistamines and nasal corticosteroid sprays. An ENT specialist may determine the suitable combination based on your symptom pattern, severity, and response to individual treatments. Adjustments may be necessary during periods of high pollen exposure.

While complete avoidance of pollen in Singapore is impossible, several strategies can help minimise exposure and may reduce symptoms. Monitor local haze and pollution levels, as these can worsen pollen allergy symptoms. Keep windows closed during windy days and use air conditioning with HEPA filters. Shower and change clothes after outdoor activities to remove pollen from your hair and skin. Wear wraparound sunglasses to protect your eyes from airborne pollen. Avoid hanging laundry outside where it can collect pollen particles. Plan outdoor activities for times when pollen counts are typically lower, such as after rain. Consider wearing a face mask during high-exposure activities, such as gardening. Regular cleaning of living spaces, particularly bedrooms, may help reduce indoor pollen accumulation. Starting preventive medications before symptoms begin may help reduce their severity.