CPAP Therapy for Sleep Apnea in Singapore

If you’re experiencing sleep apnoea and its impact on your daily life, you’re not alone. Sleep apnoea is a common condition that can cause disrupted sleep, chronic fatigue, and health concerns when untreated. CPAP therapy may help individuals improve their sleep quality and overall health. This established treatment provides continuous positive airway pressure to keep your airways open throughout the night, which can help you breathe normally and sleep more peacefully. Understanding how CPAP therapy works and what to expect can help you make an informed decision about managing your sleep apnoea.

*Individual results and timelines may vary.*

Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

Image Whisk_b7727ab6e8a0400a6b44ee6e5038475cdr

Overview Candidates Treatment Process Recovery Benefits Risks Cost FAQ

What is CPAP Therapy for Sleep Apnea?

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is a non-invasive treatment that delivers pressurised air through a mask worn during sleep. This steady stream of air acts as a pneumatic splint, preventing the collapse of your upper airway that characterises obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The therapy may help eliminate breathing interruptions, allowing oxygen levels to remain stable throughout the night.

CPAP therapy addresses the fundamental problem of sleep apnoea by maintaining airway patency. When you have sleep apnoea, your throat muscles relax excessively during sleep, causing partial or complete airway obstruction. These obstructions lead to repeated awakening, oxygen desaturation, and fragmented sleep patterns. The continuous air pressure from CPAP therapy creates enough force to keep these tissues from collapsing.

The treatment has been recognised for managing moderate to severe sleep apnoea. Clinical evidence demonstrates its potential in reducing apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) scores, improving daytime alertness, and reducing cardiovascular risks associated with untreated sleep apnoea. Patients may experience improvements in their quality of life when starting therapy.

*Individual results and timelines may vary.*

Who is a Suitable Candidate?

Potential Candidates

Adults diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Individuals with mild sleep apnoea experiencing significant daytime symptoms
Patients with sleep apnoea and concurrent cardiovascular conditions
People whose partners report loud snoring with observed breathing pauses
Individuals experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness affecting work or driving safety
Patients with morning headaches and unrefreshing sleep despite adequate sleep duration
Those with sleep apnoea-related hypertension or cardiac arrhythmias
Individuals motivated to use the therapy consistently

Contraindications

Severe claustrophobia that prevents mask tolerance despite desensitisation attempts
Significant facial abnormalities preventing proper mask seal
Unstable cardiac or respiratory conditions requiring immediate medical attention
Cerebrospinal fluid leak or recent cranial surgery
Severe epistaxis (nosebleeds) or other nasal pathology requiring treatment
Pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum history without medical clearance
Cognitive impairment preventing safe independent use of equipment

Professional assessment by a sleep specialist is essential to determine suitability for CPAP therapy. Your sleep physician will review your sleep study results, medical history, and individual circumstances to recommend the most appropriate treatment approach for your specific needs.

*Individual results and treatment outcomes may vary.*

Treatment Techniques & Approaches

Fixed Pressure CPAP

Fixed pressure CPAP delivers constant, predetermined air pressure throughout the night. This pressure setting is determined during a titration study where technicians identify the optimal pressure to reduce apnoeas and hypopnoeas. Fixed CPAP can be effective for patients with consistent pressure requirements and represents a straightforward therapy option.

Auto-Adjusting CPAP (APAP)

Auto-adjusting devices continuously monitor breathing patterns and adjust pressure levels in real-time. APAP machines respond to changes in airway resistance, position changes, and sleep stages, delivering lower pressures when less is needed and increasing pressure during apnoea events. This technology may improve comfort for patients who find fixed pressures uncomfortable during initial sleep or have variable pressure requirements.

Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

BiPAP devices provide two different pressure levels: higher pressure during inhalation (IPAP) and lower pressure during exhalation (EPAP). This pressure differential makes exhaling easier and may be beneficial for patients requiring higher pressures, those with concurrent lung conditions, or individuals who experience CPAP intolerance due to expiratory discomfort.

Technology & Equipment Used

Modern CPAP machines incorporate features including heated humidification systems, ramp functions for gradual pressure increase, and data recording capabilities. Mask interfaces range from nasal pillows and nasal masks to full-face masks, each designed for different breathing patterns and facial structures. Comfort features like expiratory pressure relief and climate control tubing may help with therapy adherence.

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The Treatment Process

Pre-Treatment Preparation

Before starting CPAP therapy, you may undergo a comprehensive sleep study (polysomnography) to diagnose sleep apnoea severity and determine optimal pressure settings. Your sleep specialist will review your medical history, current medications, and any nasal or sinus issues. A CPAP titration study may follow, either as a separate night study or during the latter portion of a split-night study. You’ll receive education about sleep apnoea, treatment options, and realistic expectations for therapy adaptation.

During the Initial Setup

Your first CPAP setup appointment involves mask fitting with a trained respiratory therapist or sleep technician. They’ll help you try different mask styles to find a comfortable and suitable option for your facial structure and breathing patterns. The technician will demonstrate proper mask placement, adjustment techniques, and basic machine operation. You’ll practice breathing with the device while awake to become familiar with the sensation. Initial pressure settings are programmed based on your titration study results, with comfort features like ramp time adjusted to your preferences.

Immediate Post-Setup

After your initial setup, you’ll take the CPAP equipment home for your first night of therapy. Some patients may experience an adjustment period as they adapt to sleeping with the mask and air pressure. Your sleep clinic will typically schedule a follow-up within the first week to address any immediate concerns. Modern CPAP machines can transmit usage data remotely, allowing your healthcare team to monitor your progress and make adjustments as needed.

*Individual results and adaptation timelines may vary.*

Recovery & Aftercare

First 24-48 Hours

During your initial nights using CPAP, focus on getting comfortable with the equipment. Some nasal congestion or dryness is normal and may resolve with proper humidification settings. Keep the mask and tubing clean according to manufacturer’s instructions. If you experience significant discomfort, contact your sleep clinic rather than abandoning therapy. Adjustment options may exist to help improve comfort.

First Week

Continue using CPAP therapy every night, even for naps, to establish the habit. Monitor for mask leaks, which can reduce effectiveness and cause eye irritation. Adjust mask straps gradually to achieve a seal without overtightening. Patients may begin noticing improvements in sleep quality and daytime alertness within the first week. Document any persistent issues to discuss at your follow-up appointment.

*Individual results and timelines may vary.*

Long-term Recovery

CPAP therapy aims to provide benefits with consistent nightly use of at least four hours, though full-night usage may provide greater benefits. Regular equipment maintenance includes daily mask cleaning, weekly tubing cleaning, and filter replacements per manufacturer guidelines. Annual reassessment helps ensure pressure settings remain appropriate as weight changes or ageing may affect requirements. Replace masks every 3-6 months and tubing annually for optimal hygiene and performance.

Our sleep specialists provide post-treatment support to help with therapy management. Schedule your consultation to learn more about what to expect.

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Benefits of CPAP Therapy for Sleep Apnea

CPAP therapy may provide benefits for sleep apnoea patients. Patients may experience improvements in sleep quality, potentially waking more refreshed. Daytime sleepiness may improve over time, which could help with concentration, mood, and work performance. Partners may also benefit from reduced snoring and breathing interruptions.

Cardiovascular health may improve with consistent CPAP use. Blood pressure could decrease, which may help reduce cardiovascular risks. The therapy aims to help regulate heart rhythm irregularities associated with sleep apnoea. Metabolic benefits may include improved insulin sensitivity and glucose control in patients with diabetes.

Cognitive function and emotional well-being may show improvement with treatment. Memory, attention span, and reaction times could improve. Depression and anxiety symptoms may decrease as sleep quality improves. Some patients may experience enhanced libido and sexual function after starting therapy. Quality of life may improve across multiple areas, from physical functioning to social relationships.

*Individual results and timelines may vary.*

Risks & Potential Complications

Common Side Effects

CPAP users may experience minor side effects that can resolve with adjustments or time. Nasal congestion may affect new users, but can improve with heated humidification. Dry mouth occurs primarily in mouth breathers and may indicate the need for a full-face mask or chin strap. Mask marks on the face are temporary and fade within an hour of removal. Some users may experience aerophagia (air swallowing), causing bloating, which can resolve with pressure adjustments.

Skin irritation at mask contact points can develop but may respond well to proper fitting and barrier creams. Initial insomnia or difficulty falling asleep can occur during the adaptation period. Claustrophobic feelings may decrease with gradual desensitisation and mask style changes.

Rare Complications

Serious complications from CPAP therapy are rare when used as directed. Severe nosebleeds may occur in predisposed individuals but can be managed with humidification and nasal treatments. Pneumocephalus (air in the skull) has been reported in patients with unrecognised skull base defects. Central sleep apnoea emergence (complex sleep apnoea) may occasionally develop but often resolves spontaneously or with therapy modifications.

Proper mask fitting, regular follow-up, and prompt attention to problems may help minimise complication risks. Sleep specialists can recognise and address issues before they become significant problems.

*Individual experiences and outcomes may vary.*

Cost Considerations

CPAP therapy costs in Singapore vary based on machine type, features, and mask selection. Initial investment includes the CPAP machine, mask interface, tubing, and accessories. Basic fixed-pressure machines cost less than auto-adjusting models with advanced features. Machines with integrated humidifiers and wireless connectivity are available at different price points.

Ongoing expenses include replacement masks, filters, and tubing to maintain hygiene and effectiveness. Supplies may include masks, filters, and tubing replacement as recommended by your healthcare provider. Some patients may benefit from multiple mask styles for different situations. Regular follow-up consultations help ensure appropriate therapy management.

Consider long-term value when evaluating CPAP therapy costs. Untreated sleep apnoea may increase healthcare expenses through potential complications. Individual experiences with therapy may vary. Consultation with sleep specialists can include cost information relevant to your specific situation.

*Individual results and treatment outcomes may vary.*

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How long does it take to adjust to CPAP therapy?

Individual experiences with CPAP therapy adaptation vary considerably. The initial period may feel unusual as you adjust to wearing a mask and breathing with positive pressure. Comfort may improve with continued use. Using the machine during short daytime periods while reading or watching television can help with adaptation. Patients who persist through the initial adjustment period may find therapy becomes more comfortable over time.

Can I travel with my CPAP machine?

CPAP machines are designed for portability and approved for airline carry-on luggage. Modern travel-sized CPAP machines are compact and lightweight. Devices typically work with international power supplies using adapters. Airlines often don’t count medical equipment against baggage allowances, though policies vary. Battery options exist for camping or locations without reliable power. Always carry a copy of your prescription and consider travel insurance covering equipment replacement.

What happens if I skip CPAP therapy for a night?

Missing CPAP therapy nights means sleep apnoea symptoms return. You may experience poor sleep quality, snoring, and next-day fatigue after skipping treatment. Regular omissions reduce the potential benefits of therapy. Consistency aims to maximise benefits, so plan for situations like travel or illness that might disrupt routine use.

How often should CPAP pressure settings be adjusted?

CPAP pressure requirements may change over time, warranting periodic reassessment. Weight changes, ageing, alcohol consumption, and certain medications can affect optimal pressures. Sleep specialists typically recommend regular review of therapy data and settings. Auto-adjusting machines provide some flexibility, but significant changes in condition require professional evaluation. Regular follow-up helps ensure you’re receiving appropriate therapy as your needs evolve.

Can CPAP therapy cure sleep apnoea?

CPAP therapy aims to manage sleep apnoea symptoms but is not a cure. The therapy works while being used; stopping treatment causes symptom return. Think of CPAP like wearing glasses for vision correction – effective when used, but not permanently corrective. Some patients may achieve improvement through weight loss or surgery, potentially reducing CPAP needs. However, individuals typically require long-term therapy.

*Individual results and treatment outcomes may vary.*

What’s the difference between CPAP and dental appliances for sleep apnoea?

CPAP therapy and oral appliances work differently to manage sleep apnoea. CPAP pneumatically splints the airway open, while dental appliances reposition the jaw and tongue to increase airway space. CPAP may be suitable for various severities of cases, while oral appliances are typically considered for certain cases or CPAP-intolerant patients. Oral appliances offer portability and no mask requirements, but may cause dental changes with long-term use. Your sleep specialist can discuss which option may suit your condition and preferences.

Conclusion

CPAP therapy for sleep apnoea represents an effective, non-invasive treatment option that may help improve sleep quality for many patients. The therapy aims to restore normal breathing during sleep, which can support improvements in health, cognitive function, and overall quality of life. While initial adjustment may require patience and persistence, many patients find that the benefits can outweigh temporary inconveniences. With proper support from experienced sleep medicine physicians and commitment to consistent use, CPAP therapy may help improve sleep quality and daytime energy levels.

*Individual results and treatment outcomes may vary.*

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you’re considering CPAP therapy for sleep apnoea, our sleep medicine physicians can help you understand if it may be suitable for your needs. With experience in sleep medicine, we provide personalised care throughout your treatment journey.

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Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

With over 15 years of experience, Dr Gan specialises in the comprehensive management of a broad range of conditions related to the ear, nose and throat (ENT), and head and neck.

Dr. Gan has contributed to the academic field as a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. He is recognised for his extensive research work, with numerous contributions to reputable international ENT journals. Dr Gan is also highly sought after as a speaker and has shared his surgical knowledge as a surgical dissection teacher at various prominent ENT conferences and courses.

2020 – Reader’s Choice Gold Award for Best ENT Specialist (Expat Living Singapore)
2016 – Best Educator Award (Eastern Health Alliance)
2016 – “Wow” Award (Patient Compliment)

2014 – Eastern Health Alliance Caring Award – Silver
2014 – 19th Yahya Cohen Memorial Lectureship (awarded by the College of Surgeons, Academy of Medicine Singapore for best scientific surgical paper)
2012 – Human Manpower Development Award (Ministry of Health, Singapore)
2007 – Singhealth Best Doctor Award

Qualifications

MBBS – Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
MRCS (Edin) – Member of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh, United Kingdom
MMed (ORL) – Master of Medicine in ENT (National University of Singapore)
FAMS – Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

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