Nasal Endoscopy in Singapore

If you’re experiencing persistent nasal symptoms such as congestion, sinus pressure, or unexplained nosebleeds, understanding the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment. Nasal endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows ENT specialists to examine the internal structures of your nose and sinuses. This minimally invasive procedure provides visualisation of areas that cannot be seen during a routine physical examination, enabling diagnosis and treatment planning for various nasal and sinus conditions.

Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

Overview Suitability Treatment Process Recovery Benefits Risks Cost FAQ Conclusion

What is Nasal Endoscopy?

Nasal endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a thin, flexible or rigid endoscope to examine the inside of your nasal passages and sinuses. The endoscope contains a light source and camera that transmits real-time images to a monitor, allowing your ENT specialists to visualise the nasal cavity, septum, turbinates, and sinus openings in detail.

This procedure helps identify abnormalities such as polyps, tumours, structural deformities, infections, and sources of bleeding that may not be visible during a standard nasal examination. Nasal endoscopy can be performed as a standalone diagnostic tool or in conjunction with other procedures, such as biopsy collection or minor therapeutic interventions.

The procedure is typically completed in the clinic setting. Modern endoscopes provide high-resolution images that enable ENT specialists to detect changes in the nasal and sinus anatomy, making it a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Individual results and timelines may vary.

Who is a Suitable Candidate?

Ideal Candidates

Nasal endoscopy may be recommended for patients experiencing:

Chronic nasal congestion or obstruction
Recurrent sinus infections requiring evaluation
Persistent post-nasal drip
Unexplained facial pain or pressure in the sinus regions
Frequent nosebleeds requiring investigation
Loss of smell or reduced smell sensation
Suspected nasal polyps or other growths
Nasal discharge that is bloody, infected, or clear and watery
Evaluation before sinus surgery or to monitor post-surgical healing
Assessment of nasal trauma or suspected foreign bodies
Screening for nasal or sinus tumours when indicated

Contraindications

Nasal endoscopy may not be suitable for patients with:

Severe nasal bleeding requiring immediate treatment
Acute facial trauma with suspected fractures requiring stabilisation
Severe bleeding disorders without proper management
Extreme anxiety or inability to cooperate during the procedure
Recent nasal surgery where healing may be disrupted

Your ENT specialist can assess whether nasal endoscopy is appropriate for your specific condition. Alternative diagnostic methods may be recommended if contraindications exist.

Treatment Techniques & Approaches

Flexible Nasal Endoscopy

Flexible nasal endoscopy uses a thin, bendable fibre-optic scope that navigates through the nasal passages. This technique can be used for examining areas that may be difficult to reach with rigid instruments. The flexible scope can be manoeuvred around the nasal septum and turbinates to provide visualisation of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

Rigid Nasal Endoscopy

Rigid endoscopy employs a straight, firm scope that provides image quality and illumination. Different angled scopes (0°, 30°, 45°, or 70°) allow visualisation of specific areas within the nose and sinuses. This technique may be used when detailed examination of particular structures is needed or when performing simultaneous procedures such as biopsies.

Technology & Equipment Used

Nasal endoscopy systems utilise high-definition cameras and LED light sources to provide images. Digital recording capabilities allow documentation of findings for comparison during follow-up visits. Some systems include image enhancement features that can highlight vascular patterns or mucosal changes. The endoscopes are sterilised between patients for patient safety and to prevent cross-contamination.

Wondering which approach might be suitable for you?

Our ENT Specialist can evaluate your specific needs and discuss the available techniques.

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The Treatment Process

Pre-Treatment Preparation

Before your nasal endoscopy, your ENT specialist may review your medical history and current medications. Anticoagulant medications typically do not need to be stopped for this diagnostic procedure. You can eat and drink normally before the examination.

On the day of the procedure, you’ll be seated comfortably in an examination chair. Your nasal passages may be sprayed with a decongestant to reduce swelling and improve visualisation. A topical anaesthetic spray is often applied to help minimise discomfort during the procedure.

During the Procedure

The ENT specialist typically inserts the endoscope into one nostril while you breathe normally through your mouth. You may feel slight pressure or a tickling sensation as the scope moves through your nasal passages. The specialist systematically examines the nasal septum, inferior and middle turbinates, and the openings to your sinuses.

The endoscope is then advanced to the back of the nose (nasopharynx) to examine the area where the nose meets the throat. This includes visualisation of the adenoids (if present) and the Eustachian tube openings. The exact process is repeated for the other nostril. Images may be displayed on a monitor, allowing you to see the findings if desired.

Immediate Post-Treatment

After the endoscope is removed, you may experience temporary numbness from the anaesthetic spray, which typically resolves within a short period. Some patients experience mild nasal congestion or slight bleeding, which usually stops quickly with gentle pressure.

Your ENT specialist can discuss the findings immediately and explain any abnormalities detected. If biopsies were taken, results may become available according to the laboratory’s processing times. You can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure, though you may need to avoid blowing your nose forcefully for a few hours.

Recovery & Aftercare

First 24-48 Hours

Patients may experience minimal discomfort after nasal endoscopy. If a biopsy was performed, you might notice slight blood-tinged mucus when blowing your nose. This is normal and can be resolved within a day or two.

Avoid vigorous nose blowing and strenuous exercise for the first 24 hours. If you experience persistent bleeding, apply gentle pressure to your nostrils and use ice packs on the bridge of your nose. Stay hydrated to keep nasal secretions thin and easy to clear.

First Week

Continue with your regular medications unless otherwise instructed. If nasal congestion persists, saline nasal rinses can help keep the nasal passages moist and comfortable. Avoid dusty or smoky environments that might irritate your nasal passages.

Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss biopsy results or plan further treatment based on the endoscopy findings. If you develop a fever, severe headache, or increasing facial pain, contact your ENT specialist promptly.

Long-term Recovery

Nasal endoscopy itself requires no long-term recovery. However, the findings may lead to treatment recommendations such as medications, allergy management, or surgical intervention. Regular follow-up endoscopies may be recommended to monitor chronic conditions or assess treatment effectiveness.

For patients with chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps, periodic endoscopic examinations help track disease progression and guide ongoing management. Your ENT specialist can establish an appropriate surveillance schedule based on your specific condition.

Our ENT Specialist provides post-procedure support to help with recovery.

Schedule your consultation to learn more about what to expect.

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Benefits of Nasal Endoscopy

Nasal endoscopy offers diagnostic advantages for patients with nasal and sinus conditions. The procedure provides direct visualisation of structures that cannot be adequately examined with traditional methods, enabling diagnosis of conditions ranging from chronic sinusitis to nasal tumours.

This minimally invasive approach allows assessment without radiation exposure, unlike CT scans. Documenting findings with photographs or video may help track disease progression and treatment response over time. For patients with recurrent symptoms, endoscopy can identify the anatomical or pathological factors that may be contributing to their condition.

The procedure also enables targeted biopsies when abnormal tissue is identified, which may facilitate early detection of serious conditions. Minor therapeutic procedures, such as polyp removal or foreign body extraction, can sometimes be performed during the same session, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Risks & Potential Complications

Common Side Effects

The most common effects after nasal endoscopy include mild nasal discomfort or pressure that typically resolves within hours. Temporary nosebleeds may occur, particularly in those on blood-thinning medications. These bleeds are usually minor and stop with gentle pressure.

Some patients experience sneezing or watery eyes during the procedure due to nasal irritation. Temporary voice changes may occur if a topical anaesthetic affects the throat. These effects resolve once the anaesthetic wears off.

Rare Complications

Serious complications from nasal endoscopy are uncommon when performed by qualified ENT specialists. Vasovagal reactions (fainting) may occur in anxious patients but can be prevented with proper positioning and reassurance. Allergic reactions to topical medications are possible.

In patients with significant nasal deformities or previous surgery, there may be a risk of creating a false passage or causing mucosal tears. Infection transmission is prevented through proper sterilisation protocols. Your ENT specialist’s careful technique aims to minimise these risks through allowing thorough examination.

Cost Considerations

The cost of nasal endoscopy in Singapore varies depending on several factors, including the complexity of the examination, whether biopsies are taken, and whether additional procedures are performed simultaneously. The fee typically includes the specialist consultation, the endoscopy procedure, and immediate interpretation of the findings.

Additional costs may apply for pathology services if biopsies are collected, photographic documentation for medical records is required, and any medications are prescribed based on the findings.

Nasal endoscopy can help provide a diagnosis that may guide appropriate therapy. During your consultation, you’ll receive a detailed breakdown of anticipated costs specific to your diagnostic needs.

For Singaporeans & Singapore Permanent Residents

Medisave & Insurance Shield Plan approved

Your ENT procedure may be eligible for Medisave claims, with the claimable amount varying based on the procedure’s complexity. For additional options, including the use of your insurance or Integrated Shield Plan, reach out to our friendly clinic staff today for assistance.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is nasal endoscopy painful?

Nasal endoscopy is generally well-tolerated with minimal discomfort. Many patients describe feeling pressure or a sensation rather than pain. A topical anaesthetic spray is used to numb the nasal passages, making the procedure more comfortable. Some patients may experience mild discomfort if there’s significant nasal congestion or inflammation. The procedure is typically completed within minutes, and any discomfort is temporary. Your ENT specialist typically works at a pace that aims for your comfort throughout the examination.

How long does the entire nasal endoscopy appointment take?

The actual endoscopy procedure may take several minutes per side, but your entire appointment duration can vary. This includes time for pre-procedure preparation, such as applying decongestant and anaesthetic sprays, the examination itself, and post-procedure discussion of findings. If biopsies are taken or additional procedures performed, the appointment may extend longer. First-time visits often require additional time for medical history review and consultation with the ENT specialist.

Can nasal endoscopy detect all sinus problems?

Nasal endoscopy provides visualisation of the nasal cavity and sinus openings, but cannot see deep into the sinus cavities themselves. The procedure can help identify polyps, inflammation at sinus openings, structural abnormalities, and mucosal changes. However, problems deep within the sinuses may require additional imaging, such as CT scans. Your ENT specialist can determine if supplementary investigations are needed based on your symptoms and endoscopic findings.

How often should nasal endoscopy be repeated for chronic conditions?

The frequency of repeat nasal endoscopy depends on your specific condition and treatment response. Patients with nasal polyps may require endoscopy at regular intervals to monitor growth and treatment response. Those with chronic sinusitis might need periodic examinations or assessment when symptoms change. Post-surgical patients undergo endoscopy at intervals during the healing period. Your ENT specialist may recommend an appropriate surveillance schedule based on your individual needs.

Can children undergo nasal endoscopy?

Nasal endoscopy can be performed on children when clinically indicated. Paediatric patients may require preparation, including age-appropriate explanation and, for very young children, mild sedation. More miniature endoscopes designed for paediatric use aim for comfort and safety. The procedure can be valuable for evaluating adenoid enlargement, chronic sinusitis, or nasal obstruction in children. ENT specialists use techniques that aim to minimise anxiety and support successful examination.

What’s the difference between nasal endoscopy and a CT scan for sinus evaluation?

Nasal endoscopy and CT scans provide complementary information for sinus evaluation. Endoscopy provides real-time visualisation of mucosal surfaces, enabling assessment of inflammation, secretions, and polyps that may not be evident on CT scans. It also allows tissue sampling when needed. CT scans provide detailed images of bony structures and deep sinus anatomy that cannot be reached with an endoscope. ENT specialists may use both modalities for comprehensive evaluation, with endoscopy often performed first due to its immediate results and lack of radiation exposure.

Conclusion

Nasal endoscopy is a diagnostic tool for evaluating nasal and sinus conditions. This minimally invasive procedure provides visualisation of structures that cannot be assessed through routine examination, enabling your ENT specialist to develop treatment plans. Whether you’re dealing with chronic congestion, recurrent infections, or unexplained nasal symptoms, nasal endoscopy may offer the assessment needed for diagnosis and management.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you’re experiencing persistent nasal or sinus symptoms, our ENT Specialist can help determine whether nasal endoscopy is appropriate for your evaluation. With experience in diagnostic and therapeutic nasal procedures, we provide personalised care throughout your diagnostic journey.

Book Your Consultation Today

Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

With over 15 years of experience, Dr Gan specialises in the comprehensive management of a broad range of conditions related to the ear, nose and throat (ENT), and head and neck.

Dr. Gan has contributed to the academic field as a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. He is recognised for his extensive research work, with numerous contributions to reputable international ENT journals. Dr Gan is also highly sought after as a speaker and has shared his surgical knowledge as a surgical dissection teacher at various prominent ENT conferences and courses.

2020 – Reader’s Choice Gold Award for Best ENT Specialist (Expat Living Singapore)
2016 – Best Educator Award (Eastern Health Alliance)
2016 – “Wow” Award (Patient Compliment)

2014 – Eastern Health Alliance Caring Award – Silver
2014 – 19th Yahya Cohen Memorial Lectureship (awarded by the College of Surgeons, Academy of Medicine Singapore for best scientific surgical paper)
2012 – Human Manpower Development Award (Ministry of Health, Singapore)
2007 – Singhealth Best Doctor Award

Qualifications

MBBS – Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
MRCS (Edin) – Member of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh, United Kingdom
MMed (ORL) – Master of Medicine in ENT (National University of Singapore)
FAMS – Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

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