Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy Treatment in Singapore

Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a condition where the inferior turbinates – structures inside the nose that warm, humidify, and filter air – become enlarged.

This enlargement narrows the nasal airway, affecting normal breathing patterns and causing various nasal symptoms that impact daily activities and sleep quality.

doctor img
Dr Gan Eng Cern

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy Treatment Nasal anatomy of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy Treatment Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy Treatment

Symptoms of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy

Patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy may experience several symptoms that affect their nasal breathing and overall comfort. These include:

  • Nasal Obstruction: Blocked nasal passages make it difficult to breathe through the nose, often more pronounced on the affected side.
  • Mouth Breathing: Difficulty breathing through the nose leads to persistent mouth breathing, especially during sleep.
  • Nasal Discharge: Increased mucus production results in frequent need to clear the nose.
  • Sleep Disturbance: Breathing difficulties during sleep lead to snoring and fragmented sleep patterns.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Common factors include:

  • Allergic Rhinitis: Persistent allergies trigger chronic inflammation, leading to enlargement of the turbinates and reduced nasal airflow.
  • Environmental Irritants: Frequent exposure to irritants such as dust, smoke, or air pollution can cause turbinate swelling and exacerbate nasal discomfort.
  • Anatomical Variations: Structural abnormalities, such as a deviated nasal septum, disrupt airflow and contribute to turbinate enlargement and breathing difficulties.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal shifts during pregnancy or imbalances increase blood flow to the turbinates, causing swelling and nasal congestion.

Types of Hypertrophy

The condition presents in different forms based on the underlying cause and tissue involvement.

  • Mucosal Hypertrophy: This type involves enlargement of the soft tissue covering the turbinate. The condition results from inflammation and fluid accumulation within the tissue. Treatment often begins with medical management before considering surgical options.
  • Bony Hypertrophy: The underlying bone structure of the turbinate becomes enlarged. This form develops gradually over time and typically requires surgical intervention. The changes in bone structure create permanent enlargement.
  • Mixed Hypertrophy: Both soft tissue and bone contribute to the enlargement. This type combines features of both mucosal and bony hypertrophy. Treatment plans address both components for optimal results.
Dr Gan examines patient's nose with endoscope Dr Gan examines patient's nose with endoscope

Diagnostic Methods

  • Physical Examination: Using a bright light and nasal speculum, the ENT doctor inspects the nasal passages to evaluate the size and position of the turbinates. Applying a decongestant may help differentiate between mucosal and bony hypertrophy.
  • Nasal Endoscopy: A flexible scope is used for a detailed evaluation of the turbinates along their entire length. This procedure also helps identify other contributing factors, such as polyps or structural abnormalities, that may impact nasal airflow.
  • Imaging Studies: CT scans may be used in specific cases to assess the extent of soft tissue and bony hypertrophy. Imaging also highlights other anatomical issues affecting airflow. However, routine imaging at the clinic is not typically required and is determined on a case-by-case basis.

Treatment Options

Treatment approaches range from conservative measures to surgical intervention based on severity and impact on quality of life.

Non-Surgical Treatment

  • Nasal Corticosteroids: Daily use of these sprays reduces inflammation and turbinate size. This medication requires consistent use for optimal effect. Results typically appear within 1-2 weeks of regular use.
  • Antihistamines: These medications help control allergic reactions contributing to turbinate enlargement. Both oral and nasal spray forms provide relief. Treatment plans often combine antihistamines with other medications.
  • Decongestants: Short-term use provides temporary relief from congestion. Usage should not exceed 3-5 days to prevent rebound swelling. These medications work best for occasional symptom relief.

Surgical Treatment

  • Turbinate Reduction: Various techniques reduce turbinate size while preserving function. Methods include radiofrequency ablation, which uses heat to reduce tissue size; submucous resection, which removes excess bone or tissue beneath the surface; or partial turbinectomy, where selected tissue is removed for better airflow. Most patients notice an improvement in nasal congestion within 1-2 weeks after surgery, though full recovery typically takes 6-12 weeks.
  • Outfracture: The surgeon repositions the turbinate by adjusting its bony attachment, creating more breathing space in the nasal passage. This procedure often combines with other reduction techniques for optimal results while preserving turbinate function.

Are Your Symptoms Affecting Your Quality of Life?

Consult our MOH-accredited specialist for an accurate diagnosis & personalised treatment plan today.

human head showing sinus structure

Prevention and Management

Prevention focuses on controlling factors that trigger turbinate enlargement. Regular use of prescribed nasal sprays helps maintain normal turbinate size. Environmental modifications include avoiding allergens, maintaining optimal humidity levels, and avoiding known irritants. Proper management of allergies and sinus conditions prevents chronic inflammation. Regular nasal hygiene with saline irrigation helps maintain clear passages.

For Singaporeans & Singapore Permanent Residents

Medisave & Insurance Shield Plan approved

Your ENT procedure may be eligible for Medisave claims, with the claimable amount varying based on the procedure’s complexity. For additional options, including the use of your insurance or Integrated Shield Plan, reach out to our friendly clinic staff today for assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can turbinate hypertrophy affect both sides of the nose?

Yes, turbinate hypertrophy can occur on one or both sides. Symptoms are often more severe on one side, particularly if a structural issue like a deviated septum is present.

How long do the effects of turbinate reduction surgery last?

The effects of turbinate reduction surgery are typically long-lasting. However, recurrence is possible if underlying causes, such as allergies or chronic exposure to irritants, are not effectively managed.

What are the long-term complications of untreated turbinate hypertrophy?

Untreated turbinate hypertrophy can lead to chronic nasal obstruction, resulting in poor oxygenation during sleep. This may cause fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and an increased risk of developing or worsening sleep apnoea. Chronic mouth breathing can also lead to dry mouth and dental problems.

Dr. Gan picture

Dr Gan Eng Cern

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

With over 15 years of experience, Dr Gan specialises in the comprehensive management of a broad range of conditions related to the ear, nose and throat (ENT), and head and neck.

Dr. Gan has contributed to the academic field as a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. He is recognised for his extensive research work, with numerous contributions to reputable international ENT journals. Dr Gan is also highly sought after as a speaker and has shared his surgical knowledge as a surgical dissection teacher at various prominent ENT conferences and courses.

  • 2020 – Reader’s Choice Gold Award for Best ENT Specialist (Expat Living Singapore)
  • 2016 – Best Educator Award (Eastern Health Alliance)
  • 2016 – “Wow” Award (Patient Compliment)
  • 2014 – Eastern Health Alliance Caring Award – Silver
  • 2014 – 19th Yahya Cohen Memorial Lectureship (awarded by the College of Surgeons, Academy of Medicine Singapore for best scientific surgical paper)
  • 2012 – Human Manpower Development Award (Ministry of Health, Singapore)
  • 2007 – Singhealth Best Doctor Award

Qualifications

  • MBBS – Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
  • MRCS (Edin) – Member of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • MMed (ORL) – Master of Medicine in ENT (National University of Singapore)
  • FAMS – Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Singapore
Dr Gan performing sinus procedure

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