Sinusitis (Rhinosinusitis) Treatment in Singapore

Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, occurs when the lining of the paranasal sinuses becomes inflamed.

This swelling causes mucus to build up and reduces drainage. It affects the sinuses in different parts of the head, including the cheeks (maxillary sinuses), forehead (frontal sinuses), between the eyes (ethmoid sinuses), and deeper behind the eyes (sphenoid sinuses). Sinusitis can lead to symptoms that interfere with daily life and overall well-being.

Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

Sinusitis (Rhinosinusitis) Treatment Singapore

Symptoms Causes Types Diagnosis Treatment Prevention FAQ

Symptoms of Sinusitis

Patients with sinusitis typically experience a mix of symptoms, which can vary in severity. Common symptoms include:

Nasal Congestion: Blocked nasal passages and difficulty breathing through the nose persist throughout the day.
Facial Pain: Pain and pressure occur in areas where sinuses are located, particularly around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.
Nasal Discharge: Thick yellow or green discharge drains from the nose or down the back of the throat.
Reduced Sense of Smell: Temporary loss or reduction in ability to smell and taste occurs due to nasal blockage.
Headache: Pain develops in the forehead area and may worsen when bending forward.
Fatigue: General tiredness and reduced energy levels result from poor sleep and infection.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development and progression of sinusitis. These include:

Upper Respiratory Infections: Viral, bacterial, or fungal infections trigger inflammation of the sinus lining.
Allergies: Allergic reactions cause swelling of the nasal passages and increased mucus production.
Anatomical Variations: Deviated septum or nasal polyps obstruct normal sinus drainage.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to irritants, smoke, or pollutants affects sinus health.
Medical Conditions: Conditions like cystic fibrosis or immune system disorders increase susceptibility.

Types of Sinusitis

Sinusitis classifications depend on the duration and frequency of symptoms.

Acute Sinusitis: This type lasts up to 4 weeks. Symptoms develop quickly and often follow a cold or viral infection. The condition typically resolves with appropriate treatment and rest. Most cases are viral, though bacterial infections may develop.
Subacute Sinusitis: Lasting between 4 and 12 weeks, this form represents a transition between acute and chronic states. Symptoms persist beyond typical acute infection duration but haven’t become chronic. Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes.
Chronic Sinusitis: Symptoms continue for 12 weeks or longer despite treatment attempts. This condition involves persistent inflammation and may require long-term management strategies. Multiple factors often contribute to its development, including allergies and structural abnormalities.
Recurrent Acute Sinusitis: Four or more episodes of acute sinusitis occur within one year, with symptom-free periods between episodes. Each episode meets acute sinusitis criteria but resolves completely before the next occurrence.

Diagnostic Methods

Physical Examination: The doctor examines the nasal passages using a light source and nasal speculum. This examination reveals inflammation, discharge, or polyps. The doctor also checks for tenderness over the sinuses.
Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the nasal passages and sinus openings in detail. This procedure allows visualisation of anatomical problems and mucus drainage patterns. A local anaesthetic spray may be used to make the examination more comfortable.
Imaging Studies: CT scans provide detailed images of the sinus cavities and surrounding structures. These images help identify blockages, anatomical variations, and the extent of inflammation. MRI scans may be ordered in specific cases to rule out complications.
Allergy Testing: Skin or blood tests identify specific allergens triggering symptoms. These tests help develop targeted treatment plans and prevention strategies. Results guide environmental modification recommendations.

Treatment Options

Management of sinusitis involves a structured approach, progressing from conservative measures to more invasive treatments when needed.

Non-Surgical Treatment

Nasal Irrigation: Saline solutions flush out mucus and irritants from nasal passages. The procedure involves using a neti pot or squeeze bottle to rinse the nasal cavity. Regular irrigation helps maintain clear passages and reduce inflammation.
Medications: Various medications target different aspects of sinusitis. Decongestants reduce swelling, antihistamines control allergies, and antibiotics treat bacterial infections when indicated. Nasal corticosteroid sprays decrease inflammation and prevent symptom recurrence.
Steam Inhalation: Warm, moist air helps loosen mucus and ease congestion. Steam inhalation can be done using a bowl of hot water or shower steam.

Surgical Treatment

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: This minimally invasive procedure is used to remove blockages and enhance sinus drainage, restoring normal function. The ENT surgeon uses a thin, flexible endoscope equipped with a camera to visualise and access the sinus cavities through the nostrils, avoiding external incisions. Recovery usually takes 1-2 weeks, with gradual improvement in breathing and other symptoms over time.
Balloon Sinuplasty: This procedure involves inserting a catheter with a small, inflatable balloon into the blocked sinus passages. Once inflated, the balloon gently widens the passages, improving drainage while preserving the sinus’ normal structure and function. The procedure is often performed on an outpatient basis, with most patients resuming normal activities within 1-2 days.

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Prevention and Management

Prevention involves good nasal hygiene and avoiding triggers. Regular nasal irrigation clears irritants, while environmental changes, such as using air filters, maintaining proper humidity, and avoiding allergens, can reduce the risk of sinus problems. Treating respiratory infections promptly, quitting smoking, and avoiding second-hand smoke can reduce the need for clinic visits and improve sinus health.

For Singaporeans & Singapore Permanent Residents

Medisave & Insurance Shield Plan approved

Your ENT procedure may be eligible for Medisave claims, with the claimable amount varying based on the procedure’s complexity. For additional options, including the use of your insurance or Integrated Shield Plan, reach out to our friendly clinic staff today for assistance.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the difference between sinusitis and a common cold?

A common cold typically lasts 7-10 days and resolves on its own. Sinusitis persists longer, with more pronounced facial pain and thick nasal discharge.

Can sinusitis cause dizziness or balance issues?

Yes, sinusitis affecting the ethmoid or sphenoid sinuses can sometimes cause dizziness due to proximity to the inner ear.

Is there a risk of recurrence after sinus surgery?

Recurrence is possible, especially in individuals with allergies, chronic conditions, or ongoing exposure to irritants. Long-term management is often required.

Dr Gan Eng Cern

Ear, nose and throat specialist

MBBS

MRCS (Edin)

mmed (orl)

FAMS

With over 15 years of experience, Dr Gan specialises in the comprehensive management of a broad range of conditions related to the ear, nose and throat (ENT), and head and neck.

Dr. Gan has contributed to the academic field as a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. He is recognised for his extensive research work, with numerous contributions to reputable international ENT journals. Dr Gan is also highly sought after as a speaker and has shared his surgical knowledge as a surgical dissection teacher at various prominent ENT conferences and courses.

2020 – Reader’s Choice Gold Award for Best ENT Specialist (Expat Living Singapore)
2016 – Best Educator Award (Eastern Health Alliance)
2016 – “Wow” Award (Patient Compliment)

2014 – Eastern Health Alliance Caring Award – Silver
2014 – 19th Yahya Cohen Memorial Lectureship (awarded by the College of Surgeons, Academy of Medicine Singapore for best scientific surgical paper)
2012 – Human Manpower Development Award (Ministry of Health, Singapore)
2007 – Singhealth Best Doctor Award

Qualifications

MBBS – Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
MRCS (Edin) – Member of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh, United Kingdom
MMed (ORL) – Master of Medicine in ENT (National University of Singapore)
FAMS – Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

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